Melanoma

Melanoma is a serious and potentially life-threatening form of skin cancer that originates in the melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells responsible for skin color. Unlike basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, which are more common and generally less aggressive, melanoma can spread rapidly to other parts of the body if not detected early. It often begins as a new or existing mole that changes in color, size, or shape. Melanomas are typically asymmetrical, have irregular borders, and exhibit multiple colors. They may also bleed, itch, or become crusty. Early detection is crucial, as melanoma can be curable with prompt treatment, but advanced stages require more aggressive therapies.

The primary risk factor for melanoma is intense, intermittent sun exposure leading to sunburns, particularly in individuals with fair skin. Other risk factors include a history of excessive UV exposure, the presence of numerous or atypical moles, and a family history of melanoma.  Prevention strategies involve practicing sun safety measures, such as using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding tanning beds. Regular skin checks by a healthcare professional and self-examination of the skin for any changes in moles or new growths are essential for early detection and effective treatment of melanoma.